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# Initialization Parameters

Initialization parameters perform the following functions:

- Set limits for the entire database
- Set user or process limits
- Set limits on database resources
- Affect performance

### Shortcuts to Parameter Names

If you know the name of the parameter you want, select its abbreviation. Otherwise, scroll down to see the entire list.

ACT | AQ_ | ARC | ASM | AUD | BAC | BIT | BLA | CIR | CLU | COM | CON | COR | CPU | CRE
CUR | DBW | DB_ | DG_ | DIS | DML | EVE | FAL | FAS | FIL | FIX | GCS | GC_ | GLO | HAS
HI_ | HS_ | IFI | INS | JAV | JOB | LAR | LDA | LIC | LOC | LOG | MAX | NLS | O7_ | OBJ
OLA | OPE | OPT | OS_ | PAR | PGA | PLS | PRE | PRO | QUE | RDB | REA | REC | REM | REP
RES | ROL | SER | SES | SGA | SHA | SKI | SMT | SOR | SPF | SQL | STA | STR | TAP | THR
TIM | TRA | UND | USE | UTL | WOR

### List of Initialization Parameters (A-Z)

#### ACTIVE_INSTANCE_COUNT: Syntax

#### AQ_TM_PROCESSES: Syntax

#### ARCHIVE_LAG_TARGET: Syntax

#### ASM_DISKGROUPS: Syntax

#### ASM_DISKSTRING: Syntax

#### ASM_POWER_LIMIT: Syntax

#### AUDIT_FILE_DEST: Syntax

#### AUDIT_SYSLOG_LEVEL: Syntax

#### AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS: Syntax

#### AUDIT_TRAIL: Syntax

#### BACKGROUND_CORE_DUMP: Syntax

#### BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST: Syntax

#### BACKUP_TAPE_IO_SLAVES: Syntax

#### BITMAP_MERGE_AREA_SIZE: Syntax

#### BLANK_TRIMMING: Syntax

#### CIRCUITS: Syntax

#### CLUSTER_DATABASE: Syntax

#### CLUSTER_DATABASE_INSTANCES: Syntax

#### CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS: Syntax

#### COMMIT_POINT_STRENGTH: Syntax

#### COMMIT_WRITE: Syntax

#### COMPATIBLE: Syntax

#### CONTROL_FILES: Syntax

#### CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME: Syntax

#### CORE_DUMP_DEST: Syntax

#### CPU_COUNT: Syntax

#### CREATE_BITMAP_AREA_SIZE: Syntax

#### CREATE_STORED_OUTLINES: Syntax

#### CURSOR_SHARING: Syntax

#### CURSOR_SPACE_FOR_TIME: Syntax

#### DBWR_IO_SLAVES: Syntax

#### DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS: Syntax

#### DB_BLOCK_CHECKING: Syntax

#### DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM: Syntax

#### DB_BLOCK_SIZE: Syntax

#### DB_CACHE_ADVICE: Syntax

#### DB_CACHE_SIZE: Syntax

#### DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST: Syntax

#### DB_DOMAIN: Syntax

#### DB_FILES: Syntax

#### DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT: Syntax

#### DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT: Syntax

#### DB_FLASHBACK_RETENTION_TARGET: Syntax

#### DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE: Syntax

#### DB_NAME: Syntax

#### DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST: Syntax

#### DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE: Syntax

#### DB_RECYCLE_CACHE_SIZE: Syntax

#### DB_UNIQUE_NAME: Syntax

#### DB_WRITER_PROCESSES: Syntax

#### DG_BROKER_START: Syntax

#### DISK_ASYNCH_IO: Syntax

#### DISPATCHERS: Syntax

#### DISTRIBUTED_LOCK_TIMEOUT: Syntax

#### DML_LOCKS: Syntax

#### EVENT: Syntax

#### FAL_CLIENT: Syntax

#### FAL_SERVER: Syntax

#### FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET: Syntax

#### FAST_START_PARALLEL_ROLLBACK: Syntax

#### FILEIO_NETWORK_ADAPTERS: Syntax

#### FILESYSTEMIO_OPTIONS: Syntax

#### FILE_MAPPING: Syntax

#### FIXED_DATE: Syntax

#### GCS_SERVER_PROCESSES: Syntax

#### GC_FILES_TO_LOCKS: Syntax

#### GLOBAL_CONTEXT_POOL_SIZE: Syntax

#### GLOBAL_NAMES: Syntax

#### HASH_AREA_SIZE: Syntax

#### HI_SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS: Syntax

#### HS_AUTOREGISTER: Syntax

#### IFILE: Syntax

#### INSTANCE_GROUPS: Syntax

#### INSTANCE_NAME: Syntax

#### INSTANCE_NUMBER: Syntax

#### INSTANCE_TYPE: Syntax

#### JAVA_MAX_SESSIONSPACE_SIZE: Syntax

#### JAVA_POOL_SIZE: Syntax

#### JAVA_SOFT_SESSIONSPACE_LIMIT: Syntax

#### JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES: Syntax

#### LARGE_POOL_SIZE: Syntax

#### LDAP_DIRECTORY_ACCESS: Syntax

#### LICENSE_MAX_SESSIONS: Syntax

#### LICENSE_MAX_USERS: Syntax

#### LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING: Syntax

#### LOCAL_LISTENER: Syntax

#### LOCK_NAME_SPACE: Syntax

#### LOCK_SGA: Syntax

#### LOGMNR_MAX_PERSISTENT_SESSIONS: Syntax

#### LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG: Syntax

#### LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST: Syntax

#### LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST: Syntax

#### LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT: Syntax

#### LOG_ARCHIVE_LOCAL_FIRST: Syntax

#### LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES: Syntax

#### LOG_ARCHIVE_MIN_SUCCEED_DEST: Syntax

#### LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE: Syntax

#### LOG_BUFFER: Syntax

#### LOG_CHECKPOINTS_TO_ALERT: Syntax

#### LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL: Syntax

#### LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT: Syntax

#### LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT: Syntax

#### MAX_COMMIT_PROPAGATION_DELAY: Syntax

#### MAX_DISPATCHERS: Syntax

#### MAX_DUMP_FILE_SIZE: Syntax

#### MAX_ENABLED_ROLES: Syntax

#### MAX_SHARED_SERVERS: Syntax

#### NLS_CALENDAR: Syntax

#### NLS_COMP: Syntax

#### NLS_CURRENCY: Syntax

#### NLS_DATE_FORMAT: Syntax

#### NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE: Syntax

#### NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY: Syntax

#### NLS_ISO_CURRENCY: Syntax

#### NLS_LANGUAGE: Syntax

#### NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS: Syntax

#### NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP: Syntax

#### NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS: Syntax

#### NLS_SORT: Syntax

#### NLS_TERRITORY: Syntax

#### NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT: Syntax

#### NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT: Syntax

#### O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY: Syntax

#### OBJECT_CACHE_MAX_SIZE_PERCENT: Syntax

#### OBJECT_CACHE_OPTIMAL_SIZE: Syntax

#### OLAP_PAGE_POOL_SIZE: Syntax

#### OPEN_CURSORS: Syntax

#### OPEN_LINKS: Syntax

#### OPEN_LINKS_PER_INSTANCE: Syntax

#### OPTIMIZER_DYNAMIC_SAMPLING: Syntax

#### OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE: Syntax

#### OPTIMIZER_INDEX_CACHING: Syntax

#### OPTIMIZER_INDEX_COST_ADJ: Syntax

#### OPTIMIZER_MODE: Syntax

#### OPTIMIZER_SECURE_VIEW_MERGING: Syntax

#### OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX: Syntax

#### OS_ROLES: Syntax

#### PARALLEL_ADAPTIVE_MULTI_USER: Syntax

#### PARALLEL_AUTOMATIC_TUNING: Syntax

#### PARALLEL_EXECUTION_MESSAGE_SIZE: Syntax

#### PARALLEL_INSTANCE_GROUP: Syntax

#### PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS: Syntax

#### PARALLEL_MIN_PERCENT: Syntax

#### PARALLEL_MIN_SERVERS: Syntax

#### PARALLEL_THREADS_PER_CPU: Syntax

#### PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET: Syntax

#### PLSQL_CCFLAGS: Syntax

#### PLSQL_CODE_TYPE: Syntax

#### PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS: Syntax

#### PLSQL_DEBUG: Syntax

#### PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR: Syntax

#### PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_SUBDIR_COUNT: Syntax

#### PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL: Syntax

#### PLSQL_V2_COMPATIBILITY: Syntax

#### PLSQL_WARNINGS: Syntax

#### PRE_PAGE_SGA: Syntax

#### PROCESSES: Syntax

#### QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED: Syntax

#### QUERY_REWRITE_INTEGRITY: Syntax

#### RDBMS_SERVER_DN: Syntax

#### READ_ONLY_OPEN_DELAYED: Syntax

#### RECOVERY_PARALLELISM: Syntax

#### RECYCLEBIN: Syntax

#### REMOTE_ARCHIVE_ENABLE: Syntax

#### REMOTE_DEPENDENCIES_MODE: Syntax

#### REMOTE_LISTENER: Syntax

#### REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE: Syntax

#### REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT: Syntax

#### REMOTE_OS_ROLES: Syntax

#### REPLICATION_DEPENDENCY_TRACKING: Syntax

#### RESOURCE_LIMIT: Syntax

#### RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN: Syntax

#### RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT: Syntax

#### ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS: Syntax

#### SERIAL _REUSE: Syntax

#### SERVICE_NAMES: Syntax

#### SESSIONS: Syntax

#### SESSION_CACHED_CURSORS: Syntax

#### SESSION_MAX_OPEN_FILES: Syntax

#### SGA_MAX_SIZE: Syntax

#### SGA_TARGET: Syntax

#### SHADOW_CORE_DUMP: Syntax

#### SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS: Syntax

#### SHARED_POOL_RESERVED_SIZE: Syntax

#### SHARED_POOL_SIZE: Syntax

#### SHARED_SERVERS: Syntax

#### SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS: Syntax

#### SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES: Syntax

#### SMTP_OUT_SERVER: Syntax

#### SORT_AREA_RETAINED_SIZE: Syntax

#### SORT_AREA_SIZE: Syntax

#### SPFILE: Syntax

#### SQL92_SECURITY: Syntax

#### SQLTUNE_CATEGORY: Syntax

#### SQL_TRACE: Syntax

#### STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST: Syntax

#### STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT: Syntax

#### STAR_TRANSFORMATION_ENABLED: Syntax

#### STATISTICS_LEVEL: Syntax

#### STREAMS_POOL_SIZE: Syntax

#### TAPE_ASYNCH_IO: Syntax

#### THREAD: Syntax

#### TIMED_OS_STATISTICS: Syntax

#### TIMED_STATISTICS: Syntax

#### TRACEFILE_IDENTIFIER: Syntax

#### TRACE_ENABLED: Syntax

#### TRANSACTIONS: Syntax

#### TRANSACTIONS_PER_ROLLBACK_SEGMENT: Syntax

#### UNDO_MANAGEMENT: Syntax

#### UNDO_RETENTION: Syntax

#### UNDO_TABLESPACE: Syntax

#### USER_DUMP_DEST: Syntax

#### USE_INDIRECT_DATA_BUFFERS: Syntax

#### UTL_FILE_DIR: Syntax

#### WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICY: Syntax

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