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Oracle® OLAP DML Reference 10g Release 2 (10.2) Part Number B14346-01 |
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# TOTAL

The TOTAL function calculates the total of the values of an expression.

Return Value

The data type of the expression. It can be INTEGER, LONGINT, or DECIMAL.

Syntax

TOTAL(expression [dimension...])

Arguments

expression

  The expression to be totalled.

dimension

  The name of a dimension of the result; or, the name of a relation between one of the dimensions of expression and another dimension that you want as a dimension of the result.

  By default, TOTAL returns a single value. When you indicate one or more dimensions for the result, TOTAL calculates values along the dimensions that are specified and returns an array of values. Each dimension must be either a dimension of expression or related to one of its dimensions.

  Tip: When you specify a dimension that is not an actual dimension of expression, but, instead, is dimension that is related to a dimension of expression and when there is more than one relation between the two dimensions, Oracle OLAP uses the default relation between the dimensions to perform the calculation. (See the RELATION command for more information on default relations.) When you do not want Oracle OLAP to use this default relation, specify the related dimension by specifying the name of a specify relation.

Notes

How TOTAL Handles NA Values

TOTAL is affected by the NASKIP option. When NASKIP is set to `YES` (the default), TOTAL ignores `NA` values and returns the sum of the values that are not `NA`. When NASKIP is set to `NO`, TOTAL returns `NA` when any value in the calculation is `NA`. When all data values for a calculation are `NA`, TOTAL returns `NA` for either setting of NASKIP.

Totaling over a DWMQY Dimension

When expression is dimensioned by a dimension of type DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, or YEAR, you can specify any other DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, or YEAR dimension as a related dimension. Oracle OLAP uses the implicit relation between the dimensions. To control the mapping of one DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, or YEAR dimension to another (for example, from weeks to months), you can define an explicit relation between the two dimensions and specify the name of the relation as the dimension argument to the TOTAL function.

For each time period in the related dimension, Oracle OLAP totals the data for all the source time periods that end in the target time period. This method is used regardless of which dimension has the more aggregate time periods. To control the way in which data is aggregated or allocated between the periods of two time dimensions, you can use the TCONVERT function.

Multiple Relations in a TOTAL Function

When you break out the total by a related dimension, you are changing the dimensionality of the expression, so Oracle OLAP expects values based on this new dimensionality. It chooses the relation that holds values of that dimension.

When there is more than one relation that holds values of the expected dimension, Oracle OLAP uses the one that was defined first. When there is no relation in which the related dimension is the one expected, Oracle OLAP looks for a relation that is dimensioned by the expected dimension.

For example, assume that there are two relations between `district` and `region`, as follows.

    DEFINE REGION.DISTRICT RELATION REGION <DISTRICT>
    LD The region each district belongs to

    DEFINE DISTRICT.REGION RELATION DISTRICT <REGION>
    LD The primary district in each region

When a workspace had the two relations described earlier and you specified the following TOTAL function, Oracle OLAP would use the relation `region.district` by default, because it holds values of the specified dimension.

    REPORT TOTAL(sales region)

Examples

Example 23-28 Totaling Sales over All Months

Suppose you would like to see the total sportswear sales for all months for each district. Use the TOTAL function to calculate the total sales. To see a total for each district, specify `district` as the dimension of the results.

    LIMIT product TO 'Sportswear'
    REPORT W 15 HEADING 'Total Sales' TOTAL(sales district)

The preceding statements produce the following output.

    DISTRICT         Total Sales
    -------------- ---------------
    Boston            1,659,609.90
    Atlanta           3,628,616.62
    Chicago           2,296,631.81
    Dallas            3,893,829.30
    Denver            2,133,425.29
    Seattle           1,298,215.59