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Oracle® Database Client Installation Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Solaris Operating System (x86-64) Part Number B15706-01 |
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# 4 Postinstallation Tasks

This chapter describes how to complete postinstallation tasks after you have installed the software. It includes information about the following sections:

- Required Postinstallation Tasks

- Recommended Postinstallation Tasks

- Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks

You must perform the tasks listed in the "Required Postinstallation Tasks" section. Oracle recommends that you perform the tasks listed in the "Recommended Postinstallation Tasks" section after all installations.

If you installed and intend to use any of the products listed in the "Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks" section, then you must perform the tasks listed in the product-specific subsections.

Note: This chapter describes basic configuration only. Refer to Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for UNIX-Based Operating Systems and product-specific administration and tuning guides for more detailed configuration and tuning information.

## 4.1 Required Postinstallation Tasks

You must perform the tasks described in the following sections after completing an installation:

- Downloading and Installing Patches

- Running Oracle Enterprise Manager Java Console

- Providing Additional Privileges to Oracle Enterprise Manager Repository User

- Updating Instant Client

- Connecting with Instant Client

### 4.1.1 Downloading and Installing Patches

Check the OracleMetaLink Web site for required patches for the installation.

Note: You cannot update Instant Client by downloading a patch. Use the procedure under "Updating Instant Client" to update Instant Client.

To download required patches:

1. Use a Web browser to view the OracleMetaLink Web site:

       https://metalink.oracle.com

2. Log in to OracleMetaLink.

   Note: If you are not an OracleMetaLink registered user, click Register for MetaLink! and follow the registration instructions.

3. On the main OracleMetaLink page, click Patches.

4. Select Simple Search.

5. Specify the following information, then click Go:

   - In the Search By field, choose Product or Family, then specify RDBMS Server.

   - In the Release field, specify the current release number.

   - In the Patch Type field, specify Patchset/Minipack.

   - In the Platform or Language field, select your platform.

### 4.1.2 Running Oracle Enterprise Manager Java Console

In addition to using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control or Grid Control to manage an Oracle Database 10g database, you can also use the Oracle Enterprise Manager Java Console to manage databases from this release or previous releases. The Java Console is installed by the Administrator installation type.

Note: Oracle recommends that you use Grid Control or Database Control in preference to the Java Console when possible.

To start the Java Console, follow these steps:

1. Set the `ORACLE_HOME` environment variable to specify the Oracle home directory where you installed Oracle Client.

2. Set the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` shared library path environment variable of the system to the following:

   `$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH`

3. Enter the following command to start the Java Console:

       $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oemapp console

See Also: The "Logging In to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control" section in Chapter 5 of Oracle Database Installation Guide for Solaris Operating System (x86-64) for information about logging in to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control

### 4.1.3 Providing Additional Privileges to Oracle Enterprise Manager Repository User

If you are using Oracle Enterprise Manager Java Console to manage a database, create a repository and grant the following privileges to the repository user:

-     CREATE CLUSTER

-     CREATE DATABASE LINK

-     CREATE SEQUENCE

-     ALTER SESSION

-     CREATE SYNONYM

-     CREATE TABLE

-     CREATE VIEW

Note: Oracle Enterprise Manager Java Console is available on the Oracle Database Client installation media.

Complete the following steps to create a repository user and grant privileges:

1. Start the standalone Java Console.

2. Double-click the database node in the navigator tree and connect to the database as a user with the `NORMAL` role.

3. Select Create from the Object menu.

   The Create window appears.

4. Expand the database node in the Create window and select User. Then click Create.

   The Create User property sheet appears.

5. On the General page, enter the name of the user and the password, and select `OEM_REPOSITORY` as the default tablespace and `TEMP` as the temporary tablespace.

6. On the Role page, grant the `CONNECT` and `SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE` roles to the repository user.

7. On the System Privileges page grant the following privileges to the repository user:

   -     CREATE TRIGGER

   -     CREATE PROCEDURE

   -     EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE

   -     CREATE TYPE

   -     EXECUTE ANY TYPE

   -     SELECT ANY TABLE

   -     CREATE CLUSTER

   -     CREATE DATABASE LINK

   -     CREATE SEQUENCE

   -     ALTER SESSION

   -     CREATE SYNONYM

   -     CREATE TABLE

   -     CREATE VIEW

8. On the Quota page, specify unlimited for `OEM_REPOSITORY` and `TEMP`.

9. On the Create User property sheet, click Create.

### 4.1.4 Updating Instant Client

To update Instant Client:

1. Download Instant Client from Oracle Technology Network (`http://www.oracle.com/technology/index.html`).

2. If you want to place the files in the existing directory, then ensure that the directory is empty.

   If you want to place the files into a different directory (and remove the previous files), ensure that you update the `PATH` environment variable setting to reflect the new location.

Caution: A restriction on using Instant Client or Instant Client Light is that you cannot perform patch upgrades on it using the `opatch` utility. The reason is that the Instant Client installation does not create an inventory, which the patch upgrade process needs in order to perform. The absence of an inventory also means that installed interm patch reporting and conflict detection before a patch attempt are not possible.

### 4.1.5 Connecting with Instant Client

If you installed the Instant Client installation type, you can configure users' environments to enable dynamically linked client applications to connect to a database as follows:

1. Set the appropriate shared library path environment variable for your platform to specify the directory that contains the Instant Client libraries. For the Instant Client installation type, this directory is the Oracle home directory that you specified during the installation, for example:

       /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/client_1

   The required environment variable is `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` :

2. Use one of the following methods to specify database connection information for the client application:

   - Specify a SQL connect URL string using the following format:

         //host:port/service_name

   - Set the `TNS_ADMIN` environment variable to specify the location of the `tnsnames.ora` file and specify a service name from that file.

   - Set the `TNS_ADMIN` environment variable and set the `TWO_TASK` environment variable to specify a service name from the `tnsnames.ora` file.

Note: You do not have to specify the `ORACLE_HOME` environment variable.

## 4.2 Recommended Postinstallation Tasks

Oracle recommends that you perform the tasks described in the following section after completing an installation:

- Configuring Instant Client Light

- Creating a Backup of the root.sh Script

- Connecting Instant Client or Instant Client Light to an Oracle Database

- Setting Up User Accounts

- Setting the NLS_LANG Environment Variable

- Generating the Client Static Library

### 4.2.1 Configuring Instant Client Light

When you install Instant Client, the Instant Client libraries are installed under the `ORACLE_HOME` directory and the Instant Client Light specific library is installed under the `ORACLE_HOME``/light` directory. To configure Instant Client Light, you must replace the `ORACLE_HOME``/libociei.``so` file with the `ORACLE_HOME/light``/libociicus.``so` file.

After replacing the library file, you must set the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` environment variable to point to the location of the Instant Client shared library files. For example:

    $ORACLE_HOME

### 4.2.2 Creating a Backup of the root.sh Script

Oracle recommends that you back up the `root.sh` script after you complete an installation. If you install other products in the same Oracle home directory, then Oracle Universal Installer updates the contents of the existing `root.sh` script during the installation. If you require information contained in the original `root.sh` script, then you can recover it from the backed up `root.sh` file.

### 4.2.3 Connecting Instant Client or Instant Client Light to an Oracle Database

Before you can connect Instant Client (including Instant Client Light) to an Oracle database, make sure that the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` environment variable specifies the directory that contains the Instant Client libraries. This directory is the `ORACLE_HOME` directory that you specified during installation.

For example, the shared libraries for Instant Client or Instant Client Light (if you have configured Instant Client Light), are in:

    /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/client_1

After you have checked the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` environment variable, you can use any of the following methods to specify Oracle Database connection information for client applications:

- Specifying a Connection by Using the Easy Connect Naming Method

- Specifying a Connection by Configuring a tnsnames.ora File

- Specifying a Connection by Using an Empty Connect String and the TWO_TASK Environment Variable

#### 4.2.3.1 Specifying a Connection by Using the Easy Connect Naming Method

You can specify a connection address to an Oracle Database directly from a client application, without having to configure a `tnsnames` setting for the Instant Client. This method is convenient in that you do not have to create and manage a `tnsnames.ora` file. However, your application users will need to specify the host name and port number when they want to log in to your application.

For example, suppose you are running SQL*Plus on the client machine and want to connect to the sales_us database, which is located on a server whose host name is `shobeen` and port number is `1521`. If you launch SQL*Plus from the command line, then you can log in as follows:

    Enter user-name: system@admin@//shobeen:1521/sales_us

Similarly, in your application code, you can use Oracle Call Interface net naming methods to create the Instant Client-to-Oracle Database connection. For example, the following formats in the `OCIServerAttach()` call specify the connection information:

- Specify a SQL connect URL string using the following format:

      //host[:port][/service_name]

  For example:

      //shobeen:1521/sales_us

- Alternatively, you can specify the SQL connect information as an Oracle Net keyword-value pair. For example:

      "(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp) (HOST=shobeen) (PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=sales_us)))"

  See Also: Oracle Call Interface Programmer's Guide for more information on using Oracle Call Interface Instant Client

#### 4.2.3.2 Specifying a Connection by Configuring a tnsnames.ora File

By default, when you install Instant Client, Oracle Universal Installer does not include a sample `tnsnames.ora` file nor the Oracle Net Configuration Assistant utility normally used to create it. However, if you want to shield users from having to specify actual host names and port numbers, you may want to consider using a `tnsnames.ora` file to set the Client-to-Oracle Database connection.

You can create the `tnsnames.ora` file manually by copying and modifying a version of this file from another Oracle installation, or you can use Oracle Net Configuration Assistant to create and manage it for you.

To install Oracle Net Configuration Assistant:

1. Run Oracle Universal Installer.

2. Select the Custom installation type.

3. In the Available Product Components list, select Oracle Network Utilities and click Next.

4. In the Summary screen, click Install, then click Exit and Yes to exit Oracle Universal Installer.

On each client computer, configure either of the following settings:

- Set the `TNS_ADMIN` environment variable to specify the location of the `tnsnames.ora` file and specify a service name from that file.

- Place the `tnsnames.ora` file in the `$ORACLE_HOME``/network/admin` directory, and make sure that the `ORACLE_HOME` environment has been set to this Oracle home.

  See Also: Oracle Call Interface Programmer's Guide for more information on Oracle Call Interface Instant Client connection strings

#### 4.2.3.3 Specifying a Connection by Using an Empty Connect String and the TWO_TASK Environment Variable

You can set the connect string to an empty connect string (""), and then set the `TWO_TASK` environment variable to one of the following values:

- A direct address, as described under "Specifying a Connection by Using the Easy Connect Naming Method"

- Oracle Net keyword-value pair

- A `tnsnames.ora` entry and `TNS_ADMIN` is set to the location of `tnsnames.ora`

- A `tnsnames.ora` entry and the following:

  - `tnsnames.ora` file located in `$ORACLE_HOME``/network/admin`

  - The `ORACLE_HOME` environment variable set to this Oracle home

This method allows the applications to specify internally a connection string if the application code itself uses an empty connection string. The benefit of an empty connect string is that the application itself does not need to specify the `tnsnames.ora` entry. Instead, when a user invokes the application, the location of the database is determined by a script or the environment, depending on where you have set the `TWO_TASK` environment variable. The disadvantage of using empty strings is that you need to configure this additional information in order for your application to connect to the database.

### 4.2.4 Setting Up User Accounts

For information about setting up additional user accounts, refer to Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for UNIX-Based Operating Systems.

### 4.2.5 Setting the NLS_LANG Environment Variable

`NLS_LANG` is an environment variable that specifies the locale behavior for Oracle software. This variable sets the language and territory used by the client application and the database server. It also sets the character set for the client, which is the character set for data entered or displayed by an Oracle client program, such as SQL*Plus.

### 4.2.6 Generating the Client Static Library

The client static library (`libclntst10.a`) is not generated during installation. If you want to link your applications to the client static library, you must first generate it as follows:

1. Switch user to `oracle`.

2. Set the `ORACLE_HOME` environment variable to specify the Oracle home directory used by the Oracle Client installation. For example:

   - Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

         $ ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/client_1
         $ export ORACLE_HOME

   - C shell:

         % setenv ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/client_1

3. Enter the following command:

       $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/genclntst

## 4.3 Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks

The following sections describe platform-specific postinstallation tasks that you must perform if you install and intend to use the products mentioned:

- Configuring Oracle Net Services

- Configuring Oracle Precompilers

### 4.3.1 Configuring Oracle Net Services

If you have a previous release of Oracle software installed on this system, you might want to copy information from the Oracle Net `tnsnames.ora` configuration file from the previous release to the corresponding file for the new release.

Note: The default location for the `tnsnames.ora` file is the `$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/` directory. However, you can also use a central location for this file, for example `/var/opt/oracle`.

If necessary, you can also add connection information for additional database instances to the new file.

### 4.3.2 Configuring Oracle Precompilers

This section describes post-installation tasks for Oracle precompilers.

Note: All precompiler configuration files are located in the `$ORACLE_HOME/precomp/admin` directory.

#### 4.3.2.1 Configuring Pro*C/C++

Verify that the `PATH` environment variable setting includes the directory that contains the C compiler executable.

Table 4-1 shows the default directories and the appropriate command to verify the path setting of the compiler.

Table 4-1 C/C++ Compiler Directory

Compiler | Path | Command
--- | --- | ---
C | `/opt/SUNWspro10/bin/cc` | `$ which cc`
C++ | `/opt/SUNWspro10/bin/CC` | `$ which CC`

- Note: Before running the `which` command, set the `PATH` environmental variable to the following: Bourne,Bash or Korne shell:
      $export PATH=/opt/SUNWspro10/bin:$PATH
- C shell:
      % setenv PATH /opt/SUNWspro10/bin:$PATH

#### 4.3.2.2 Configuring Pro*COBOL

The following sections describe how to set the environment for Pro*COBOL, depending on which COBOL compiler you are using:

- Setting the Environment for Micro Focus Server Express

- Setting the Environment for Acucorp ACUCOBOL-GT

See Also: Product-specific COBOL documentation for more information about setting the environment

Setting the Environment for Micro Focus Server Express

If you are using Micro Focus Server Express, complete the following steps to set environment variables for the Pro*COBOL precompiler:

1. Set the `COBDIR` environment variable to specify the COBOL installation directory.

2. Verify that the `PATH` environment variable setting includes the directory that contains the COBOL compiler executable (`$COBDIR/bin`).

   Table 4-2 shows the default directory and the appropriate command to verify the path setting.

   Table 4-2 Micro Focus Server Express COBOL Compiler Directory

   Path | Command
   --- | ---
   `/opt/lib/cobol/bin` |
       $ which cob
       $ which cob32

3. Verify that the shared library path environment variable includes the `$COBDIR/lib` directory.

   See Also: Product-specific COBOL documentation for more information about `COBDIR` and `COBLIB` environment variables

Setting the Environment for Acucorp ACUCOBOL-GT

If you are using Acucorp ACUCOBOL-GT, complete the following steps to set environment variables for the Pro*COBOL precompiler:

1. Verify that the shared library path environment variable includes the `/opt/COBOL/lib` directory.

2. Verify that the `PATH` environment variable setting includes the directory that contains the COBOL compiler executable.

   Table 4-3 shows the default directory and the appropriate command to verify the path setting.

   Table 4-3 Acucorp ACUCOBOL-GT COBOL Compiler Directory

   Path | Command
   --- | ---
   `/opt/COBOL/bin` |
       $ which ccbl

3. Set the `A_TERMCAP` environment variable to specify the location of the `a_termcap` file and set the `A_TERM` environment variable to specify a supported terminal from that file, for example:

   - Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

         $ A_TERMCAP=/opt/COBOL/etc/a_termcap
         $ A_TERM=vt100
         $ export A_TERMCAP A_TERM

   - C shell:

         % setenv A_TERMCAP /opt/COBOL/etc/a_termcap
         % setenv A_TERM vt100

#### 4.3.2.3 Configuring Pro*FORTRAN

Verify that the `PATH` environment variable setting includes the directory that contains the FORTRAN compiler executable. You can verify the path setting by using the `which` `f95` command. The path for the FORTRAN executable is `/opt/SUNWspro/bin`.